Isometric reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: femoral and tibial tunnel placement (Ligament and Ligamentoplasties – Springer – 1996)

This chapter presents the development and clinical implementation of isometric surgical insertion for an ACL replacement. Definitions of both extrinsic and intrinsic isometry are first provided. Methodology and results of experimental data used to determine isometric surgical placement are presented, followed by a description of the corresponding clinical implementation of the proposed technique.